Items are the basic units of Cradle PDBs. Each piece of information, whether it is a requirement, a function, a component, an interface or a risk is an item of a corresponding type.
There are situations, as with any database, where integrity issues may occur with the data not matching what is defined in the schema. This could be due to a number of reasons such as:
Items of data that have not yet been populated
Mandatory categories or frames that have not been populated
With Cradle also providing the facility for data to be imported and captured in a number of different ways, it is inevitable that the integrity of this data may be questionable. Document Loader, capture add-ins and import are some of these mechanisms and, despite some protective settings in these tools, it is still possible to bring in data that does not match the current schema.
In addition to this, it is possible to import a project schema itself or modify the project setup which would impact the data that already exists in the database:
Changing item attributes, categories and frames
Changing link rules
For these reasons, Cradle provides two utilities in WorkBench that check the data in comparison to Project Setup:
Item Integrity Check
Cross Reference Integrity Check
For both of these utilities, the user MUST have ACCESS_BYPASS privilege to instigate any changes to the data. It is highly recommended that there are no other active users in the database when the checkers are ran. One way to ensure this is to lock the project using Project Manager.
We also recommend that you take a backup of your database and/or create a snapshot prior to making any changes with these utilities.
The Item Integrity Checker is split into two parts:
Frame version checks
Item checks
Item Integrity Checker
Frame Version Checks
Cradle item types contain a type of attribute called a frame. Each frame can store or manage up to 1 TByte of any kind of data. An item can contain any number of frame attributes.
In practice, most frames store a small amount of text.
These item types also have a mechanism called edit history that records any changes that are made to an item. Each edit contains:
The date and time the edit occurred
The Cradle username of the person who performed the edit
The reason the edit was performed, this description is optional
A list of all the attributes (predefined, category values and frames) that were changed in the edit and their old and new values
For frames, it records the frame version numbers before and after the edit. All the frames versions are held within the item’s frame.
These frame version checks detect:
Missing version of any frames
Missing records in any version of any frame
To run this utility, select the item type(s) you want to check or All to check all item types. Then press the left-most Check button.
Frame Version Checks
This will check all of the items in each item type selected to ensure each frame has a version of 0 and that all history for that frame, occurs in an accumulative sequence of 0, 1, 2, 3 etc and produce both a report and a summary in the dialog.
Frame Integrity Check report
Notice in the dialog, that the Fix button becomes activated.
Fix button in frame version checks
Pressing this button will repair the history records and can be checked by repeating the process:
Recheck frame versionsFrame Integrity Check Report – No issues
Item Checks
On the right-hand side of the Item Integrity Check dialog, you will see a list of item checks that can be selected, or press All to select and run all checks.
These item checks compare the data that is held in the database with the currently defined settings in Project Setup to ensure they are consistent. If they are not, the utility will list any possible issues.
Item Checks
Once you have pressed the Check button, a report is produced and a summary appears in the dialog:
As with the frame integrity check, there is a Fix button but this can only apply to a number of checks. The ones that cannot be automatically fixed will appear on the report and will require some user intervention to correct the issue.
Below is a list of the issues that can be automatically fixed:
Issues that can be fixed
Summary
In this post we have addressed some of the checks that can be run on items in the database to confirm their data integrity using the Item Integrity Checker.
Please remember that the user MUST have ACCESS_BYPASS privilege to instigate any changes to the data and it is highly recommended that there are no other active users in the database.
Next we will discuss the Cross Reference Integrity Checker.
The Cradle PDM module provides the infrastructure for all other Cradle modules. Its scalability and flexibility create an industrial strength, proven, shared data environment for even the largest projects:
Cradle PDM Module
Databases
Cradle supports any number of databases, each with its own schema, CM system and users. Each database supports many projects. Use the Project Manager tool to organise this environment by user-defined criteria, for example as hierarchies.
Each database stores any number of items, of any number of types (requirements, risks, classes, user stories, functions) defined by a UI. Items have any number of attributes, each of a user-defined type, that manage up to 1 TByte of any type of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in external files, URLs or another tool or environment.
Calculations
User-defined calculations are supported in all parts of Cradle and can be displayed as graphs, in views and user-defined reports. User-defined rules can be applied to automatically set attribute values or perform calculations, to maintain the integrity within and between items.
Cross References
Items can be cross referenced, with optional user-defined link types and groups. Links have user-defined attributes to justify, parametrise, explain or characterise them. You control which links are used to navigate or report traceability, based on link type or group, direction and link attribute values. Links are both direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
Process Tailored Environment
You use start pages and a phase hierarchy to build an environment tailored to your process. End users only need to be trained in your interface, reducing training time and costs:
Start pages are text and graphics controls that perform your choice of operations simply and easily
The phase hierarchy shows the process as a hierarchy in which an agile or phase activity, task, sprint, report or document is run by a mouse click. Different parts of the phase hierarchy can be shown to each user or stakeholder group.
Traceability and coverage views are available as trees, nested and pivot tables, matrices and Hierarchy Diagrams. Unique transitive links give traceability across the full system lifecycle.
Configuration Management
Items evolve through versions that are managed in baselines and controlled by a built-in CM system, with mechanisms for review, baseline and version control, full change control, and audit trails.
Cradle can track all changes. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Items can be compared across edits and in baselines. Edits can raise alerts to users, and mark related items as suspect. All edits are permanently available, for change logs.
Adaptations
Cradle provides adaptations to allow variants of items. This mechanism is ideal for databases that contain a library of standard items and projects that use the library, and contribute to it.
Access Controls
Access controls apply to all items based on user roles, privileges, security clearances and skills. Users can be grouped in a hierarchy of teams, to create any access control scheme, such as for customers, subcontractors and IV&V. The creation and manipulation of links can be controlled, by item or user.
Cradle is multi-user. It locks information at item level, with automatic database commit after an edit. This maximises users’ interaction with the database and guarantees all data s up-to-date.
Alerts
Cradle’s alert mechanism sends messages by email (SMTP or IMAP), Cradle or both. Alerts can be selectively enabled and disabled. Alerts track events on items, including edit, review and formal change.
Discussions
The Cradle discussion mechanism allows even read-only users to add comments to items. Four other commenting mechanisms are provided.
Project Planning
Cradle can manage project plans and WBS. User task lists are maintained. WBS structures and progress data can be exchanged bidirectionally with external PM tools. Cradle can generate burn-down and earned-value graphs on any user-defined criterion to monitor progress.
API
Cradle is open and extensible. It provides multiple import/export formats, an API, a user-definable event-driven command interface, interfaces with other tools and bidirectional interfaces to Microsoft Office.
Query and Report Data
Cradle provides uniquely powerful data query and visualisation facilities. Each user’s environment can be tailored by defining custom queries, views, forms, navigations, matrices, reports and other facilities. All customisations have a scope, to be specific to the end user, or shared with other users of the same type (such as all customers or all managers), the user’s team, the entire project, or all projects.
Any desired compliance, coverage or traceability report can be created quickly/easily using Cradle’s queries, multi-row views/nested table view, and saved for later use.
Licensing
Cradle has floating, dynamic licensing and low cost read-only users. Open and named user licences are available. Everything described here is free of charge.
Licences, databases and schemas are interchangeable across Linux and Windows 8.1, 10, 11, Server 2012 R2, 2016 and 2019.
Optional support for Oracle and MySQL.
Feature Summary
Feature Summary – PDM
Please contact 3SL for further information about Cradle PDM licences.
Collaborative Model Based Systems Engineering across the Systems Lifecycle
Complete Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and documentation solution for the entire project lifecycle, fully user-definable and applicable to all agile and phase based processes.
Supports the full systems development lifecycle at system, subsystem and lower levels
Integrates in one product features normally spread across separate tools from different vendors
Completely user-definable and user-extensible with point-and-click UIs
Manage any information, including requirements, risks, interfaces, tests and verifications
Scalable to millions of items of information
Full traceability of data from external sources and version management of source documents
Full traceability and coverage analyses
User-definable views of data including tables, trees, documents, matrices, diagrams and graphs
User-defined metrics and management dashboards
Cradle Enterprise is a complete multi-user solution to manage, trace and document all the data for your agile and phase-based projects.
Capture and Track Information
Capture information from external documents and tools, and track changes in these sources. You can build new sets of requirements, analysis, architecture and design models, tests or verifications, and link them to the source data and to each other. Check the consistency and quality of this information, and prove the integrity of the models and other data with bi-directional coverage and traceability analyses.
Customers’ confidence can be raised with proof that your work satisfies its sources and constraints, and will meet their needs.
Easily track progress with metrics and KPIs and link to your WBS and actual progress to your project planning tools.
Create Databases and Information
Create any number of databases, each with a schema and multiple projects that contain any number of items of any number of user-defined item types. Each item has any number of attributes with up to 1TByte of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in files, URLs or other tools.
All items can be linked with user-defined types of cross reference. The links have attributes to justify, explain or parametise them. Links are direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
External documents can be loaded into hierarchies of items. Every item in Cradle is linked to its source in a document. Changes in new document versions are automatically found and the database updated. You can prove the integrity of all source data to your customers with a range of detailed coverage analyses of their documents.
Items can be linear, hierarchical and in many-to-many relationships. Items can be split, merged and reordered. All information can be shared and reused. Cradle can support product ranges, models, variants and builds, and generate comparative analyses between them as tables, pivot tables and matrices.
Create any number of analysis, logical, process, architecture or design models in SysML, UML, SASD, IDEF, ADARTS and other notations. Optionally group models in hierarchies and link elements of all models to requirements, SBS, issues, test cases and all other information.
Track and View Information
Cradle tracks all edits to every requirement, test case, verification and all other information that you want it to hold. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Full or partial change logs are readily available.
Control the work with team hierarchies, roles and access controls. Review items with discussions, user-defined workflows and built-in CM with baselines, full version control and formal change management.
You define how information is viewed and reported in any number of views, shown as nested tables, trees, matrices, pivot tables and as diagrams.
Generate versions of documents such as a URD, SRD, IRS, SDS and SSDS to match your or your client’s formats with user-defined templates and detailed traceability of which items were published in each document issue.
Manage Projects
Manage your projects with:
Metrics, user-defined calculations of items’ values
Bi-directional links to Project, including user task lists and actual progress reporting
Cradle is open. It supports many import/export formats, has several interface mechanisms to link to other tools, and connects to Microsoft Office components Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and Project.
Cradle is simple to customise and use through point-and-click UIs.
Major Features
The major features are:
Cradle Enterprise Features
Supported Platforms
The supported platforms are:
Characteristics
The characteristics are:
Cradle Enterprise Characteristics
Cradle Enterprise is part of the Cradle product range that includes low cost, single-user tools.
Model Based Systems Engineering across the Systems Lifecycle
Complete Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and documentation solution for the entire project lifecycle, fully user-definable and applicable to all agile and phase based processes.
Supports the full systems development lifecycle at system, subsystem and lower levels
Integrates in one product features normally spread across separate tools from different vendors
Completely user-definable and user-extensible with point-and-click UIs
Manage any information, including requirements, models, risks, interfaces, tests and verifications
Scalable to millions of items of information
Full traceability of data to source and generated documents with complete version management
Full traceability and coverage analyses
User-definable views of data including tables, trees, documents, matrices, diagrams and graphs
User-defined metrics and management dashboards
Cradle-SE Pro is a complete solution to manage, trace and document all the data for your agile and phase-based projects.
Capture and Track Information
Capture information from external documents and tools, and track changes in these sources. You can build new sets of requirements, analysis, architecture and design models, tests or verifications, and link them to the source data and to each other. Check the consistency and quality of this information, and prove the integrity of the models and other data with bi-directional coverage and traceability analyses.
Customers’ confidence can be raised with proof that your work satisfies its sources and constraints, and will meet their needs.
Easily track progress with metrics and KPIs and link to your WBS and actual progress to your project planning tools.
Create Databases and Information
Create any number of databases, each with a schema and multiple projects that contain any number of items of any number of user-defined item types. Each item has any number of attributes with up to 1TByte of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in files, URLs or other tools.
All items can be linked with user-defined types of cross reference. The links have attributes to justify, explain or parametise them. Links are direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
External documents can be loaded into hierarchies of items. Every item in Cradle is linked to its source in a document. Changes in new document versions are automatically found and the database updated. You can prove the integrity of all source data to your customers with a range of detailed coverage analyses of their documents.
Items can be linear, hierarchical and in many-to-many relationships. Items can be split, merged and reordered. All information can be shared and reused. Cradle can support product ranges, models, variants and builds, and generate comparative analyses between them as tables, pivot tables and matrices.
Create any number of analysis, architecture, logical, process or design models using UML, SASD, IDEF, ADARTS, SysML and other notations. Group models in hierarchies and link all elements of all models to requirements, SBS, issues, test cases and all other information.
Track and View Information
Cradle tracks all edits to every requirement, test case, verification and all other information that you want it to hold. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Full or partial change logs are readily available.
You define how information is viewed and reported in any number of views, shown as nested tables, trees, matrices, pivot tables and as diagrams.
Generate versions of documents such as URD, SRD, IRS, SDS and SSDS to match your or your client’s formats with user-defined templates and detailed traceability of which items were published in each document issue.
Manage Projects
Manage your projects with:
Metrics, user-defined calculations of items’ values
Bi-directional links to Project, including user task lists and actual progress reporting
Cradle is open. It supports many import/export formats, has several interface mechanisms to link to other tools, and connects to Microsoft Office components Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and Project.
Cradle is simple to customise and use. You do not need to learn a scripting language or become a programmer to tailor it to your process. After every change to your schema, Cradle will automatically update collections of queries, views and other definitions that make you productive immediately.
Major Features
The major features are:
Cradle-SE Pro Features
Supported Platforms
The supported platforms are:
Characteristics
The characteristics are:
Cradle-SE Pro Characteristics
Cradle-SE Pro is part of the Cradle product range. The full, multi-user, product is Cradle Enterprise.
This newsletter contains a mixture of news and technical information about us, and our requirements management and systems engineering tool “Cradle”. We would especially like to welcome everyone who has purchased Cradle in the past month and those who are currently evaluating Cradle for their projects and processes.
We hope that 3SL and Cradle can deliver real and measurable benefits that help you to improve the information flow within, the quality and timeliness of, and the traceability, compliance and governance for, all of your current and future projects.
If you have any questions about your use of Cradle, please do not hesitate to contact 3SL Support.
PDUIDs
When we work with information, we need a way to distinguish each piece of information from all other pieces of information so we can be sure we have found what we were searching for. We do this by marking each piece of information in a unique way.
For information in databases, the markings are unique values called keys or identities. A piece of information can have multiple identities, each for a different purpose. For example, although a company’s payroll system is likely to identify each person by a unique Employee ID, each person’s details will also include their governmental tax ID (such as a National Insurance number, a Unique Taxpayer Reference, a Sozialversicherungsnummer or a Social Security Number). This tax ID will also be unique and so could also be used as an identity for that person’s information.
Cradle has two forms of identity, item identities and Project Database Unique IDs (PDUIDs).
We will publish a series of blog posts about PDUIDs, describing what they are, how to view them, how to use them, and how PDUIDs can be managed when you import information into your databases.
Item Identities
There are several basic item types in Cradle. Each basic item type uses a different combination of attributes to create a unique Item ID for items of that type:
An item is identified by this Item ID and a unique Instance ID, typically a version and draft.
PDUID Structure
Project Database Unique IDs (PDUIDs) are a single, consistent, numbering system for all database information. Each PDUID is a 26 character string that contains a Database ID to identify a Cradle system, a Project ID to identify a project database and a Unique ID:
Structure of PDUIDs
A PDUID references all instances of an item. Therefore the combination of a PDUID and an Instance ID (a version and draft) will identify a specific item. So, this is an alternative to the Item ID and Instance ID and has the advantage of being consistent and a single numbering sequence for all types of item.
Further Details
For further details in this part 1 of a description of PDUIDs, please see the full blog entry here.
Remote Databases
A Cradle system can contain any number of databases. For the best performance, we recommend that databases are stored on disks connected to the machine that runs your Cradle Database Server (CDS). But, this may not be possible.
For example:
The local system may not have enough disk space available
The information in the database may be classified and must be stored separately
Here each database will be stored on a remote filesystem that must be referenced by a pathname so the CDS can work with it.
Further Details
For further details of remote databases, please see the full blog entry here.
Over Half Way Through the Year
It’s true; the 2nd July marked the halfway point of the calendar year. That went fast didn’t it?
It feels like we only just celebrated the New Year and now we are six months away from doing it all over again.
At this time of year, it is good to reflect on what’s already passed and what is to come this year. Here are some ways that might help if you are looking to refocus and recharge over the summer months.
Check in on Team Goals
How are the goals the team set at the beginning of the year going?
When was the last time your team reviewed them?
Now is a great time to reflect on any progress. Is your team on track? Is everybody on the same page?
Whatever the progress so far this year, there will be lessons to be learnt from it. It’s time to put an action plan in place for the remainder of the year. Now is a good time to get the team goals back on track:
Ask who do you need to help achieve those goals?
What’s the best way to communicate with them?
Is there an alternative way to achieve them?
Communication
Summer can be especially busy; school summer holidays, weekly events, fewer people in the office, and various demands can bring stress to everyone.
With all these additional activities going on, it’s easy for people to get distracted, lost and even burnt out.
Now is a great time to contact your team, employees and other connections. It can be as simple as a chat over a cup of coffee, a walk and talk or a business/working lunch. This will allow you to connect in a more casual way, which in turn, can help strengthen the link between you and your team.
Help your Team Avoid a Summer Decline
It’s no surprise that productivity can fall off a cliff when the sun comes out! Thoughts of ice cream, beer gardens and future holidays can lead our minds to wander off and our focus can end up in the bin.
Ice cream
Now is a good time to prepare your team and business to avoid any slump.
Congratulate your team on their efforts so far this year. One way to keep the momentum going is to set small achievable goals, something that can be done within a week to a month can help. As you complete and reach each one, the team will get a boost.
Having weekly/monthly meetings can allow the team to see those goals that have been achieved. Using metrics, dashboards and graphs can help your team see the progress made each week, month, year or more.
This progress will give reasons to celebrate and that can only be a good thing!
Remember: the team working together will make the dream work!
Feedback
We continue to receive positive feedback from our customers. We really appreciate ALL feedback, as this helps us to assess and improve both the products and services we provide.
In June, we provided a Cradle training course to one of our customers in Australia. They kindly sent the following feedback:
“Extremely informative classes. We are very appreciative of the customised content tailored for our envisaged use of the tool”
Independence Day (4th July)
4th July was a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence which was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4th 1776, establishing the United States of America.
Social Media
We commemorated #DDay – 79 years ago. “We will remember them“:
DDay
Some of our customers, both old and new, attended various shows/exhibitions etc, e.g.:
@SercoGroup announced they have been awarded nine contracts to help the #IRIDE space programme. This programme is led by the Italian government and implemented by the European Space Agency. This is one of the most amibitous Earth Observation programmes in Europe.
With electric vehicles taking over the roads, our customer @Enphase talked about EV chargers.
This is the first in a short series of posts that explain Project Database Unique IDs (PDUIDs). This post explains the purpose of PDUIDs and their structure. Later posts will explain:
How PDUIDs can be viewed
How they can be used in operations in Cradle tools, API and WSI
How PDUIDs can be changed or preserved when information is moved between databases
Identifying Information
Each piece of information must be distinguishable from all other pieces of information so we can be sure we have found what we were searching for. We do this by marking each piece of information in a unique way.
For information in databases, the markings are unique values called keys or identities. A piece of information can have multiple identities, each for a different purpose. For example, although a company’s payroll system is likely to identify each person by a unique Employee ID, each person’s details will also include their governmental tax ID (such as a National Insurance number, a Unique Taxpayer Reference, a Sozialversicherungsnummer or a Social Security Number). This tax ID will also be unique and so could also be used as an identity for that person’s information.
Cradle has two forms of identity, item identities and Project Database Unique IDs (PDUIDs).
Database and Host Identities
Every Cradle system has a Cradle Database Server (CDS) to manage the information in its databases. The CDS is locked to a Host ID, the last 8 digits of the MAC address of the host’s primary network interface.
All databases in a Cradle system share a common Database ID (DID), a 10-character ID of the form:
Platform ID Host ID
where:
Platform ID
:
CDS’s platform, 02 for Windows or 17 for Linux (other values are for obsolete platforms such as Domain/OS, SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX, Ultrix, SCO, OSF/1 and VMS)
Host ID
:
CDS’s host ID, also used in the system’s Security Code
For example: 1750D4FA4C
The role of a DID is to differentiate information in a database managed by one CDS from information in databases managed by any other CDS, even if all other particulars of the information are the same, such as they are the same item of the same item type in the same project in these disparate Cradle systems.
A common example is when organisations send information to each other, such as customers and suppliers. This creates two copies, or instances, of each piece of information. The databases’ DIDs differentiate the instances held by the customer and suppliers. This is important because:
An organisation cannot know if other organisations have changed information
It is important to know which organisations hold each piece of information and which pieces of information each organisation holds
It may be appropriate to designate one instance as primary so its content is authoritative and other instances are secondary
Project Identities
A Cradle system can manage many databases. Each database is used for one or more projects. Each database has a unique 4 character Project Code that is used at login to specify which database is to be accessed.
Separately, a Project ID (PID) can be specified when a database is created using the Project Manager tool, or c_prj utility. This is a 6-character string and is typically similar to the Project Code. It defaults to six underscores:
______
The Project ID can be used to label a database. It can be helpful if databases are related, for example as successive missions in a programme or separate vessels in a class of ships, when related Project IDs could be used:
ARTEM01
ARTEM02
ARTEM03
Role of Project IDs
It is likely that what might appear to be the same information could exist in two or more databases. This could be intentional and helpful, or it could be unhelpful and inconvenient. The fundamental role of a PID is to differentiate between databases:
In the most common scenario, an organisation uses its standard process in several projects. These projects’ databases will contain the same types of information, such as hierarchies of needs and user requirements, and the same structuring and numbering conventions. It is quite likely that the databases will contain items with the same hierarchical numbers and, for groups and sub-groups, the same names:
1 Context
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Roles
1.2.1
2 Stakeholders
2.1 Purchasers
2.2 Operators
Here it is inconvenient that multiple requirement 1.2.1s exist in the databases, each with unrelated contents. Viewing requirement 1.2.1 in isolation could give an incorrect understanding by interpreting it as part of one project when it is actually part of another project.
In an alternate scenario, two or more databases could be logically related. Indeed one database may be an extension of another, or an evolution of it at a later stage in the project. In this case, viewing information in isolation would not show which database it came from and could also create an incorrect understanding.
In both scenarios, including a PID would differentiate the content of each database from the others.
Item Identities
Cradle databases contain different types of information. The basic unit of information in a Cradle database is the item. Every item has an associated item type that defines the type of information it contains. Projects can create their own item types in the schema that describes the database’s structure and rules. For example:
HLURs, high level user requirements
SRs, system requirements
TEST CASE, description of a test to be run with the steps to perform and their possible outcomes
Collectively the items of such user-defined item types are called system notes.
Identities and Instances
Every item has an identity to uniquely identify it amongst other items. An identity is the combination of the values of several attributes.
Items evolve over time. Projects will usually keep copies of items at different stages in their evolution. Cradle has the concept of instances of an item. Instances are copies of items as they were at some time in the past, typically in previous baselines. In MBSE (model based systems engineering) users can create multiple instances of diagrams and specifications as alternative analyses or designs. These alternatives co-exist until a choice is made between them.
An instance is the combination of:
A version number, initially empty and increasing 1, 2, 3… through successive baselines
A draft ID, either A if the item is not in a baseline or empty if the item is baselined. The values B, C … Z are used for alternative diagram and specification items in MBSE analysis or design models.
Structure of an Identity
The identity of an item is:
Item ID Instance ID
where:
Item ID
:
The collection of attributes that identify a specific item of a given item type
Instance ID
:
Which of possibly many instances of the item is being referred to
The different parts of item identities are:
Components of Item Identities
where:
Domain ID
:
Either E (for Essential) or I (for Implementation), the domain containing the item’s model
Model ID
:
The item’s model, either a numeric Model Unique ID (MUID) or a namespace showing the model in the domain’s model hierarchy, such as: As Built.Prototype A.Architecture
Type
:
Either one of the 26 diagram types that Cradle supports such as DFD, eFFBD, UCD, PAD and so on, or a specification type (process specification, environment terminator or module specification) or a user-defined item type such as PRODUCT REQ, SBS or VALIDATION
Stereotype
:
Only used by information in SysML models, the item’s stereotype, such as <<actor>>, <<block>>, <<constraint>>, <<message>>, <<package>> and so on
The item identity is fundamental in Cradle. All other methods of identifying or labelling items, including those described in this document, are secondary to these item identities.
PDUIDs
The above tables show that there are significant differences between the identities of item types. They make specifying and working with identities complex, and do not provide a single sequence of values to identify all items in a database.
These problems are solved by the Project Database Unique ID (PDUID), which:
Apply to all of the item types
Have the same format for all of these item types
Are in a single sequence for all items, for example:
A PDUID could reference a diagram in a model with namespace B.C (with an equivalent MUID)
The next PDUID could reference a TEST CASE system note item
The next PDUID could be a diagram in a namespace Y model (different MUID to the above diagram)
The next PDUID could reference a change request
The next PDUID could be a data definition in the model with namespace B.C
PDUID Structure
The format of a PDUID is:
Database IDProject IDUnique ID
where the Database ID and Project ID are as described earlier, and the Unique ID is a number 1, 2, 3… zero-padded to 10 digits. PDUIDs are 26 character strings with the structure:
Structure of PDUIDs
PDUID Examples
Some example PDUIDs:
0280A992E5SYSML_0000000022, in which:
0280A992E5 : is the DID, the Database ID
SYSML_ : is the PID, the Project ID
0000000022 : is the UID, the Unique ID
0280A992E5SYSML_0000000023
0280A992E5 : is the DID, the Database ID
SYSML_ : is the PID, the Project ID
0000000023 : is the UID, the Unique ID
0280A992E5SYSML_0000000024
0280A992E5SYSML_0000000025
Role of PDUID Components
As such, and given their constituent parts:
The Unique ID enables the PDUID to uniquely identify a database item
The Project ID enables the PDUID to uniquely identify an item across multiple databases
The Database ID enables the PDUID to uniquely identify an item between separate Cradle systems, even if everything else about information in the databases in these Cradle systems is the same
PDUIDs as Item Identities
A PDUID identifies an item, but not a specific instance of that item. This is deliberate. It is more convenient if the PDUIDs of all instances of an item are the same. Therefore, an alternative for the identity of an item is:
PDUID Instance ID
which identifies a specific instance of an item, where:
PDUID
:
Is the item’s PDUID as defined above that identifies an item
Instance ID
:
Which of possibly many instances of the item is being referred to, with the same meaning as above
PDUID Item Identity Examples
As examples, in the example database SYSM:
There is a use case diagram Automobile Use Case Diagram whose identity is:
Domain ID: I
Namespace: SysML-Automobile, which has MUID 100
Type: uc, meaning a SysML use case diagram
Stereotype: use case
Number: uc-1
Version:
Draft: A
which has been assigned the PDUID 0280A992E5SYSML_0000000035 so the item’s identity is also:
PDUID: 0280A992E5SYSML_0000000035
Version:
Draft: A
that can also be expressed as:
Database ID: 0280A992E5
Project ID: SYSML_, and hence PUID: SYSML_0000000035
Unique ID: 0000000035
In the same database there is also a TEST CASE item Keycode verification whose identity is:
Type: TEST CASE
Number: TC-20
Version:
Draft: A
which has been assigned the PDUID 0280A992E5SYSML_0000000024 so the item’s identity is also:
PDUID: 0280A992E5SYSML_0000000024
Version:
Draft: A
that can also be expressed as:
Database ID: 0280A992E5
Project ID: SYSML_, and hence PUID: SYSML_0000000024
Unique ID: 0000000024
Version:
Draft: A
PUIDs
Project Unique ID (PUID) is the name given to the PDUID without its Database ID (DID). In other words, PUIDs are a means to identify pieces of information in a single database.
PDUID Lookup
Every Cradle database contains a table that is used to check if a PDUID has been used and to convert between item identities and PDUIDs. This table is empty when a database is first created. The table is not part of the information in Cradle export files. Rather, the table’s contents are created when items are created in the database, either by an operation in the database such as creating or copying items, or reordering a hierarchy of items, or by importing information into the database from an external file.
This table is used to:
Check if a PDUID has been used
Find the PDUID for a given item identity
Find the item identity for a given PDUID
Find the next UID to be used
Entries in the table are marked deleted when the last instance of the corresponding database item is deleted.
Selective Reuse of PDUIDs
PDUIDs are never reused for different pieces of information, but they are reused for the same piece of information. This means that if a piece of information is deleted, its entry in the PDUID table is marked deleted, but the entry remains in the table. If that piece of information is ever recreated, then the PDUID table entry will be found, marked active, and the PDUID recorded in the table entry will be applied to the piece of information.
If items are auto-numbered, then the items’ identities are never reused and so PDUIDs are never reused.
For items that are not auto-numbered, or do not support auto-numbering (such as diagram, specification or data definition items in models), then PDUIDs can be reused. PDUIDs can also be reused when information is imported, and previously-deleted items are found in the PDUID table and their PDUIDs reused. This can be over-ridden on import as will be discussed later.
Example Scenario
As an example, consider the scenario:
Create item r1, the assigned PDUID is: 020A3857A3FRED__0000000001
Create item r2, the assigned PDUID is: 020A3857A3FRED__0000000002
Delete item r1
Create item r3, the assigned PDUID is 020A3857A3FRED__0000000003. Note that the UID in this PDUID is not 1 (which is now available since r1 was deleted), it is 3, because new PDUIDs always use the next UID value.
Create item r4, the assigned PDUID is: 020A3857A3FRED__0000000004
Create item r1, the assigned PDUID is: 020A3857A3FRED__0000000001 because the original PDUID table entry for r1 has been found and marked active and its PDUID has been reused so that the new item r1 is assigned the same PDUID as the original item r1.
Reuse of PDUIDs on Import
The reuse of PDUIDs is the correct approach as it ensures that a given item always has the same identity, regardless of what happens during the life of a project.
If, for whatever reason, this is not the behaviour that you want, then use auto-numbered items so that every item will be guaranteed to have a new identity and hence guaranteed to also have a new PDUID. Since auto-numbering makes the reuse of item identities impossible; auto-numbering also ensures that it is impossible to reuse PDUIDs.
Model Based Systems Engineering across the Systems Lifecycle
Complete Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) solution for the entire project lifecycle, fully user-definable and applicable to all agile and phase based processes.
Supports the full systems development lifecycle at system, subsystem and lower levels
Integrates in one product features normally spread across separate tools from different vendors
Completely user-definable and user-extensible with point-and-click UIs
Manage any information, including requirements, models, risks, interfaces, tests and verifications
Scalable to millions of items of information
Full traceability of data from external sources and version management of source documents
Full traceability and coverage analyses
User-definable views of data including tables, trees, documents, matrices, diagrams and graphs
User-defined metrics and management dashboards
Cradle-SE Desktop is a complete solution to manage and trace all the data for your agile and phase-based projects.
Capture and Track Information
Capture information from external documents and tools, and track changes in these sources. You can build new sets of requirements, analysis, architecture and design models, tests or verifications, and link them to the source data and to each other. Check the consistency and quality of this information, and prove the integrity of the models and other data with bi-directional coverage and traceability analyses.
Customers’ confidence can be raised with proof that your work satisfies its sources and constraints, and will meet their needs.
Easily track progress with metrics and KPIs and link to your WBS and actual progress to your project planning tools.
Create Databases and Information
Create any number of databases, each with a schema and multiple projects that contain any number of items of any number of user-defined item types. Each item has any number of attributes with up to 1TByte of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in files, URLs or other tools.
All items can be linked with user-defined types of cross reference. The links have attributes to justify, explain or parametise them. Links are direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
External documents can be loaded into hierarchies of items. Every item in Cradle is linked to its source in a document. Changes in new document versions are automatically found and the database updated. You can prove the integrity of all source data to your customers with a range of detailed coverage analyses of their documents.
Items can be linear, hierarchical and in many-to-many relationships. Items can be split, merged and reordered. All information can be shared and reused. Cradle can support product ranges, models, variants and builds, and generate comparative analyses between them as tables, pivot tables and matrices.
Create any number of analysis, process, architecture and design models using UML, SASD, IDEF, ADARTS, SysML and other notations. Group models in hierarchies and link all elements of all models to requirements, SBS, issues, test cases and all other information.
Track and View Information
Cradle tracks all edits to every requirement, test case, verification and all other information that you want it to hold. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Full or partial change logs are readily available.
You define how information is viewed and reported in any number of views, shown as nested tables, trees, matrices, pivot tables and as diagrams.
Manage Projects
Manage your projects with:
Metrics, user-defined calculations of items’ values
Bi-directional links to Project, including user task lists and actual progress reporting
Cradle is open. It supports many import/export formats, has several interface mechanisms to link to other tools, and connects to Microsoft Office components Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and Project.
Cradle is simple to customise and use. You do not need to learn a scripting language or become a programmer to tailor it to your process. After every change to your schema, Cradle will automatically update collections of queries, views and other definitions that make you productive immediately.
Major Features
The major features are:
Cradle-SE Desktop Features
Supported Platforms
The supported platforms are:
Characteristics
The characteristics are:
Cradle-SE Desktop Characteristics
Cradle-SE Desktop is part of the Cradle product range. The full, multi-user, product is Cradle Enterprise.
Requirements Management across the Systems Lifecycle
Complete Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Requirements Management (RM) and documentation solution for the entire project lifecycle, fully user-definable and applicable to all agile and phase based processes.
Supports the full systems development lifecycle at system, subsystem and lower levels
Integrates in one product features normally spread across separate tools from different vendors
Completely user-definable and user-extensible with point-and-click UIs
Manage any information, including requirements, risks, interfaces, tests and verifications
Scalable to millions of items of information
Full traceability of data to source and generated documents with complete version management
Full traceability and coverage analyses
User-definable views of data including tables, trees, documents, matrices, diagrams and graphs
User-defined metrics and management dashboards
Cradle-RM Pro is a complete solution to manage, trace and document all the data for your agile and phase-based projects.
Capture and Track Information
Capture information from external documents and tools, and track changes in these sources. You can build new sets of requirements, functions, components, interfaces, tests or verifications, and link them to the source data and to each other. Check the quality and structure of this information, and prove the integrity of information with bi-directional coverage and traceability analyses.
Customers’ confidence can be raised with proof that your work satisfies its sources and constraints, and will meet their needs.
Easily track progress with metrics and KPIs and link to your WBS and actual progress to your project planning tools.
Create Databases and Information
Create any number of databases, each with a schema and multiple projects that contain any number of items of any number of user-defined item types. Each item has any number of attributes with up to 1TByte of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in files, URLs or other tools.
All items can be linked with user-defined types of cross reference. The links have attributes to justify, explain or parametise them. Links are direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
External documents can be loaded into hierarchies of items. Every item in Cradle is linked to its source in a document. Changes in new document versions are automatically found and the database updated. You can prove the integrity of all source data to your customers with a range of detailed coverage analyses of their documents.
Items can be linear, hierarchical and in many-to-many relationships. Items can be split, merged and reordered. All information can be shared and reused. Cradle can support product ranges, models, variants and builds, and generate comparative analyses between them as tables, pivot tables and matrices.
Track and View Information
Cradle tracks all edits to every requirement, test case, verification and all other information that you want it to hold. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Full or partial change logs are readily available.
You define how information is viewed and reported in any number of views, shown as nested tables, trees, matrices, pivot tables and as diagrams.
Generate versions of documents such as a URD, SRD, IRS, SDS and SSDS to match your or your client’s formats with user-defined templates and detailed traceability of which items were published in each document issue.
Manage Projects
Manage your projects with:
Metrics, user-defined calculations of items’ values
Bi-directional links to Project, including user task lists and actual progress reporting
Cradle is open. It supports many import/export formats, has several interface mechanisms to link to other tools, and connects to Microsoft Office components Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and Project.
Cradle is simple to customise and use. You do not need to learn a scripting language or become a programmer to tailor it to your process. After every change to your schema, Cradle will automatically update collections of queries, views and other definitions that make you productive immediately.
Major Features
The major features are:
Cradle-RM Pro Features
Supported Platforms
The supported platforms are:
Characteristics
The characteristics are:
Cradle-RM Pro Characteristics
Cradle-RM Pro is part of the Cradle product range. The full, multi-user, product is Cradle Enterprise.
Requirements Management across the Systems Lifecycle
Complete Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Requirements Management (RM) solution for the entire project lifecycle, fully user-definable and applicable to all agile and phase based processes.
Supports the full systems development lifecycle at system, subsystem and lower levels
Integrates in one product features normally spread across separate tools from different vendors
Completely user-definable and user-extensible with point-and-click UIs
Manage any information, including requirements, risks, interfaces, tests and verifications
Scalable to millions of items of information
Full traceability of data from external sources and version management of source documents
Full traceability and coverage analyses
User-definable views of data including tables, trees, documents, matrices, diagrams and graphs
User-defined metrics and management dashboards
Cradle-RM Desktop is a complete solution to manage and trace all the data for your agile and phase-based projects.
Capture and Track Information
Capture information from external documents and tools, and track changes in these sources. You can build new sets of requirements, functions, components, interfaces, tests or verifications, and link them to the source data and to each other. Check the quality and structure of this information, and prove the integrity of information with bi-directional coverage and traceability analyses.
Customers’ confidence can be raised with proof that your work satisfies its sources and constraints, and will meet their needs.
Easily track progress with metrics and KPIs and link to your WBS and actual progress to your project planning tools.
Create Databases and Information
Create any number of databases, each with a schema and multiple projects that contain any number of items of any number of user-defined item types. Each item has any number of attributes with up to 1TByte of data, held in Cradle, or referenced in files, URLs or other tools.
All items can be linked with user-defined types of cross reference. The links have attributes to justify, explain or parametise them. Links are direct and indirect, for full lifecycle traceability, impact and coverage analyses.
External documents can be loaded into hierarchies of items. Every item in Cradle is linked to its source in a document. Changes in new document versions are automatically found and the database updated. You can prove the integrity of all source data to your customers with a range of detailed coverage analyses of their documents.
Items can be linear, hierarchical and in many-to-many relationships. Items can be split, merged and reordered. All information can be shared and reused. Cradle can support product ranges, models, variants and builds, and generate comparative analyses between them as tables, pivot tables and matrices.
Track and View Information
Cradle tracks all edits to every requirement, test case, verification and all other information that you want it to hold. Edits can be reversed selectively or by group. Full or partial change logs are readily available.
You define how information is viewed and reported in any number of views, shown as nested tables, trees, matrices, pivot tables and as diagrams.
Manage Projects
Manage your projects with:
Metrics, user-defined calculations of items’ values
Bi-directional links to Project, including user task lists and actual progress reporting
Cradle is open. It supports many import/export formats, has several interface mechanisms to link to other tools, and connects to Microsoft Office components Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and Project.
Cradle is simple to customise and use. You do not need to learn a scripting language or become a programmer to tailor it to your process. After every change to your schema, Cradle will automatically update collections of queries, views and other definitions that make you productive immediately.
Major Features
The major features are:
Supported Platforms
The supported platforms are:
Characteristics
The characteristics are:
Cradle RM Desktop Characteristics
Cradle-RM Desktop is part of the Cradle product range. The full, multi-user, product is Cradle Enterprise.
Requirements – standard requirement type that you might wish to replace with a system note type instead
Events – used in the analysis stage of a project to model the environment of a system and to describe how the system interacts with this environment
Essential Domain – analysis models
Implementation Domain – design models
Project plans – integration with Microsoft ProjectBefore hiding unused item types
Some of the item types might not be necessary in your schema so you can remove unused item types/information in the Miscellaneous section of Project Setup:
Setting item types to be hidden
Once applied and WorkBench restarted, you will no longer see the item types/information you have chosen to hide. This includes:
